For older kids, extra time can be used effectively in discussions of controversial topics. Bring up something that has been in the news recently or that has been in a long-term debate, such as the role of government in education, taxes, and other national issues. One interesting topic regards the differences between schools systems in the United States and other countries, including Japan and Germany. In the United States, education is mandatory through the 12th grade and is basically geared towards college entrance requirements. There is diminished development in vocational careers. In many other countries, when the students are in the 8th grade, they decide which route they will take to ensure a job after graduation, i.e. college-bound or vocational. This way they are prepared with the skills they need to start a career.